What Is It

In simple words permanent and irreversible damage to optic nerve secondary to raised pressure in the eye. 

Symptoms

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Diagnosis

• IOP- Measuring pressure of the eye, most important examination, measured with Applanation Tonometer
• Gonioscopy – Special test done to look at the angle of the eye
• Optic Nerve Head examination- Looking at the nerve head on slit lamp for an accurate diagnosis
• OCT – Imaging of the Optic Nerve Head, latest test which Quantifies the changes and is also crucial for assessing the progress of disease
• Perimetry – Visual field examination done on a special machine. Once again it quantifies the changes and is also crucial for assessing the progress of disease.

Both OCT and Perimetry are essential and complimentary to each other for complete diagnosis of Glaucoma. 

Treatment

Medicines: Effective medicines are now available to control glaucoma in the form of eye drops. They have to be used regularly once or more times. Majority of the patients can be controlled effectively for long term. They also have certain side effects, only when they are serious particular medicine needs to be stopped.

Surgery: For selected patients surgery also is a valid option. It has multiple advantages over medicines like freedom from putting drops regularly, 24 hour pressure control, cost effective etc.